Updated that Chrome v85 is now out.
Chrome 85 now includes UI to enable DNS over HTTPS. To enable it:
Go to chrome settings (you can also go to chrome://settings/security and skip to step 3)
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Find the Privacy and security section, then go to Security
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Scroll down to Use Secure DNS and enable it, then select Custom and then Cloudflare (1.1.1.1)
You can see that it’s enabled by visiting https://1.1.1.1/help and seeing that Using DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is Yes. Note that this will only show if you’re using Cloudflare’s own DNS over HTTPS; if you set your DNS to Google or another DoH provider, CF or any other resolver can’t detect that you’re using it.
If you instead want to use 1.1.1.2/1.1.1.3 for malware/family site protection, select custom and enter the following:
https://security.cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query for malware
https://family.cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query for family
You can always find up-to-date URLs at https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/1.1.1.1-for-families/setup-instructions/dns-over-https/